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"This is a book about how the internet became social. The people who built and maintained dial-up bulletin board systems ("BBSs") in the 1980s laid the groundwork for millions of others who would bring their lives online in the 1990s and beyond. Along with writing code and running up their phone bills, these modem enthusiasts developed novel forms of community moderation, governance, and commercialization. As some of the only people to enter the dot-com boom with practical experience running online communities, many BBS systems operators found employment in the internet economy of the 1990s. Some transformed their BBSs into internet service providers (ISPs). Others applied their expertise to the World Wide Web. Over time, countless social media platforms have reproduced the social and technical innovations of the BBS community. Driscoll provides a pre-history of social media, centered not in the office parks of Silicon Valley or the meeting rooms of military contractors, but rather from the view of millions of hobbyists, volunteers, activists, and entrepreneurs who-for fifteen years prior to the opening up of the Internet-hosted small-scale online systems in cities and towns throughout North America"--

Internet --- Online chat groups --- Computer bulletin boards --- Computer networks --- Social media

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The first scholarly book in English on Minitel, the pioneering French computer network, offers a history of a technical system and a cultural phenomenon.A decade before the Internet became a medium for the masses in the United States, tens of millions of users in France had access to a network for e-mail, e-commerce, chat, research, game playing, blogging, and even an early form of online porn. In 1983, the French government rolled out Minitel, a computer network that achieved widespread adoption in just a few years as the government distributed free terminals to every French telephone subscriber. With this volume, Julien Mailland and Kevin Driscoll offer the first scholarly book in English on Minitel, examining it as both a technical system and a cultural phenomenon. Mailland and Driscoll argue that Minitel was a technical marvel, a commercial success, and an ambitious social experiment. Other early networks may have introduced protocols and software standards that continue to be used today, but Minitel foretold the social effects of widespread telecomputing. They examine the unique balance of forces that enabled the growth of Minitel: public and private, open and closed, centralized and decentralized. Mailland and Driscoll describe Minitel's key technological components, novel online services, and thriving virtual communities. Despite the seemingly tight grip of the state, however, a lively Minitel culture emerged, characterized by spontaneity, imagination, and creativity. After three decades of continuous service, Minitel was shut down in 2012, but the history of Minitel should continue to inform our thinking about Internet policy, today and into the future.

Computer architecture. Operating systems --- Internal politics --- anno 1970-1979 --- anno 1980-1989 --- France --- Computer. Automation --- Mass communications --- Minitel (Videotex system) --- Technology and state --- History --- 1900-2099 --- France. --- State and technology --- Technology --- Endowment of research --- Science and state --- Videotex systems --- Government policy --- Bro-C'hall --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- Farans --- Farānsah --- França --- Francia (Republic) --- Francija --- Francja --- Francland --- Francuska --- Franis --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Frankrig --- Frankrike --- Frankryk --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Franse Republiek --- Frant͡sii͡ --- Frantsuzskai͡a Rėspublika --- Frantsyi͡ --- Franza --- French Republic --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- Frenska republika --- Furansu --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Gallia --- Gallia (Republic) --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- Hyãsia --- Parancis --- Peurancih --- Phransiya --- Pransiya --- Pransya --- Prantsusmaa --- Pʻŭrangs --- Ranska --- República Francesa --- Republica Franzesa --- Republika Francuska --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- Republikang Pranses --- République française --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Fa-lan-hsi --- Falanxi --- Frankrijk --- Frant͡ --- Frant͡s Uls --- DIGITAL HUMANITIES & NEW MEDIA/General --- INFORMATION SCIENCE/Internet Studies --- Technology and state - France - History - 20th century --- Technology and state - France - History - 21st century

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